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11. How do seismic waves help scientists determine the structures of Earth's interior?
Seismic waves activate the Earth's magnetic field.
Seismic waves carry materials from Earth's mantle across the Earth and to the surface.
Seismic waves travel through different materials at different speeds.
Seismic waves travel through meteorite remains at different speeds.

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Following the waves from their focus and recording their travel speed is helpful to determine the structures of Earth's interior. The correct option is C. Seismic waves travel through different materials at different speeds.

Seismic waves

When rocks break during plates movements, they generate waves that propagate, moving inside the Earth and on its surface. These are the sysmic waves.

Types of seismic waves

There are three types of waves,

  • P waves ⇒ consist of the transmission of the rock's compressions and rarefactions. These waves can be transmitted in the interior of the Earth.

  • S waves ⇒ they move in a perpendicular direction to the disturbance propagation direction. These waves can also be transmitted in the interior of the Earth.

  • Surface waves  ⇒ They can only propagate through the most superficial layers of the Earth. Their amplitude decrease with depth.

- P waves are the fastest in moving and can be transmitted through different materials, liquid or solid.

- S waves are slower and can not be transmitted through liquid masses.

- Surface waves are the slowest ones.  

Due to the difference in the speed, the first recorded waves during an earthquake are the P waves, followed by the S waves, and finally, the surface waves.

The difference in waves' speed is used to determine the location of the earthquake focus and the structures of Earth.

As waves move through different materials, they change their speed. This change leads scientists to know what type of masses they are going through.

Following the waves from earthquake focus and recording their travel speed is helpful to determine the structures of Earth's interior.

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